![]() ![]() Wallace AR (1868) On the raptorial birds of the Malay Archipelago. Wallace AR (1865) On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidae of the Malayan region. On the tendency of varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type. Wallace AR (1858) On the tendency of species to form varieties and on the perpetuation of varieties and species by natural means of selection. Wallace AR (1855) On the law which has regulated the introduction of new species. Smith CH, Derr M (eds) (2013) Alfred Russel Wallace’s 1886–1887 travel diary: the North American lecture tour. Smith CH, Beccaloni G (eds) (2008) Natural selection and beyond: the intellectual legacy of Alfred Russel Wallace. Slotten RA (2004) The heretic in Darwin’s court: the life of Alfred Russel Wallace. ![]() Reif W-E, Junker T, Hossfeld U (2000) The synthetic theory of evolution: general problems and the German contribution to the synthesis. Raby P (2001) Alfred Russel Wallace: a life. Pinker S (2010) The cognitive niche: co-evolution of intelligence, sociality, and language. Mayr E (1982) The growth of biological thought. Mallet J (2009) Alfred Russel Wallace and the Darwinian species concept: his paper on the swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) of 1865. Being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth’s surface by reference to causes now in operation, vol II. Kutschera U, Niklas KJ (2004) The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis. Kutschera U (2013) The age of man: a father figure. Kutschera U (2012) Wallace pioneered astrobiology too. Kutschera U (2009b) Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species, directional selection, and the evolutionary sciences today. Kutschera U (2009a) Symbiogenesis, natural selection, and the dynamic Earth. Kutschera U (2008) Darwin–Wallace principle of natural selection. Kutschera U (2003) A comparative analysis of the Darwin–Wallace papers and the development of the concept of natural selection. Zur Evolution der Arten und zur Entwicklung der Erde. Hossfeld U, Olsson L (2009) Charles Darwin. Verdiére, Parisįichman M (2001) Science in theistic contexts: a case study of Alfred Russel Wallace on human evolution. John Murray, Londonĭe Lamarck J-B (1809) Philosophie zoologique. John Murray, Londonĭarwin C (1871) The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex, vols 1 and 2. Harvard University Press, Cambridgeĭarwin C (1859) On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. ![]() A facsimile edition and annotated transcription of Alfred Russel Wallace’s species notebook of 1855–1859. Nature 496:162–164Ĭosta JT (ed) (2013) On the organic law of change. J Hist Biol 21:1–68īerry A (2013) Evolution’s red-hot-radical. Auk 31:138–141īeddall BG (1988) Darwin and divergence: the Wallace connection. However, since Wallace believed in atheistic spiritualism and mixed up scientific facts and supernatural speculations in some of his writings, he remains a controversial figure in the history of biology.Īnonymous (1914) Notes and News. Moreover, he envisioned what was later called the anthropocene (i.e., the age of human environmental destructiveness). Wallace also became the (co)-founder of biogeography, biodiversity research, astrobiology and evolutionary anthropology. In his monograph Darwinism (1889), and in subsequent publications, Wallace extended the contents of Darwin’s Origin of Species (1859) into the Neo-Darwinian theory of biological evolution, with reference to the work of August Weismann (1834–1914). Evolution is brought about by a struggle for existence via natural selection, which results in the adaptation of those individuals in variable populations who survive and reproduce (Ternate essay, 1858). Based on this experience, and after reading the corresponding scientific literature, Wallace postulated that species were not created, but are modified descendants of pre-existing varieties (Sarawak Law paper, 1855). The British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), who had to leave school aged 14 and never attended university, did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin (1848–1852) and then in Southeast Asia (1854–1862).
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